Clin Mol Hepatol > Volume 26(4); 2020 > Article |
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Study | Type of study | Patient | Outcome measure | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dixon et al. [6] (2001) | Cross-sectional cohort study | 105 patients | Liver biopsy | Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of NASH (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12–1.00). |
Suzuki et al. [7] (2007) | Cross-sectional and prospective community-based study | 1,177 patients | Blood ALT | Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with decreased odds (AOR, 0.5 [0.3–0.9], P=0.032) in the older group |
Gunji et al. [8] (2009) | Cross-sectional, community-based study | 5,599 patients | Ultrasonography | Alcohol intake reduced the risk of fatty liver (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99; and OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.93) |
Mitchell et al. [20] (2018) | Cross-sectional, cohort study | 187 patients | Liver biopsy | Modest alcohol consumption (1–70 g per week) was associated with a decreased risk of advanced fibrosis (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14–0.78; P=0.01) compared to lifetime abstainers |
Dunn et al. [15] (2012) | Cross-sectional cohort study | 251 lifetime modest drinkers; 331 non-drinkers | Liver biopsy | Modest drinkers had significantly lower odds for fibrosis (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41–0.77) |
Moriya et al. [13] (2015) | Community-based cohort study | 3,773 men and 1,524 women | Ultrasonography | Men: moderate drinking (OR, 0.79; 95% CI , 0.68–0.90) |
Women: moderate drinking (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96) |
Study | Type of study | Patient | Outcome measure | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Åberg et al. [5] (2018) | Cohort study | 6,732 patients | Liver disease progression, HCC, liver-related death | Alcohol use (HR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001–1.002) |
Alcohol was significant even when average alcohol consumption was within the limits currently defining nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | ||||
Bellentani et al. [23] (2000) | Cross-sectional cohort study | 257 patients | Ultrasonography | Risk for steatosis was higher by 2.8-fold (95% CI, 1.4–7.1) |
Hézode et al. [21] (2003) | Cohort study | 260 patients with chronic hepatitis C | Liver biopsy | The proportion of patients with moderate (F2) or marked (F3) fibrosis or cirrhosis (F4) gradually increased from 29.0% in abstinent patients to 67.6% for an intake between 31 and 50 g/day (P<0.001) |
Becker et al. [26] (1996) | Cohort study | 13,285 patients | Death certificates and the hospital discharge register | A dose‐dependent increase in relative risk of developing alcohol‐induced liver disease for both men and women, with the steepest increase among women. |
Categories of alcohol intake | Person-years (PY) | Incident cases | Incidence density (per 103 PY) |
Cumulative Incidence (per 103 person) |
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Multivariable-adjusted HR* (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI)† in model using time-dependent variables | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2-Year | 5-Year | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
Based on FIB-4 | ||||||||||
Non-drinkers | 85,160.1 | 1,577 | 18.5 | 19.8 | 67.6 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Light drinkers | 134,238.9 | 1,792 | 13.3 | 13.0 | 45.1 | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) | 1.06 (0.98–1.16) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | |
Moderate drinkers | 128,526.4 | 2,261 | 17.6 | 16.6 | 59.2 | 1.35 (1.26–1.46) | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) | 1.32 (1.21–1.44) | 1.19 (1.09–1.29) | |
P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Based on NFS | ||||||||||
Non-drinkers | 81,938.9 | 2,350 | 28.7 | 31.9 | 101.4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Light drinkers | 129,248.1 | 3,122 | 24.2 | 27.9 | 85.7 | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | |
Moderate drinkers | 122,233.9 | 3.953 | 32.3 | 37.3 | 113.0 | 1.36 (1.29–1.45) | 1.31 (1.23–1.40) | 1.31 (1.23–1.41) | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) | |
P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Based on APRI | ||||||||||
Non-drinkers | 83,600.0 | 1,547 | 18.5 | 22.2 | 77.2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Light drinkers | 131,017.9 | 2,434 | 18.6 | 25.5 | 83.8 | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | |
Moderate drinkers | 125,943.0 | 2,667 | 21.2 | 30.0 | 95.5 | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) | 1.09 (1.01–1.19) | 1.10 (1.02–1.20) | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | |
P for trend | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.005 | <0.001 |
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; FIB-4, fibrosis-4; NFS, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
* Estimated from parametric proportional hazard models. Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), center, year of screening exam, smoking status, regular exercise, education level, history of diabetes, medication for diabetes, history of hypertension, medication for diabetes and medication for dyslipidemia; model 2: model 1 plus adjustment for Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Among 56,545 participants with HOMA-IR and hsCRP measurements.
Yong Kyun Cho
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-006X
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