Clin Mol Hepatol > Volume 29(Suppl); 2023 > Article |
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Organizations | Definitions |
---|---|
NIAAA [19] (1 standard drink=14 g) | Heavy alcohol use: |
Male: >14 standard drinks/week | |
Female: >7 standard drinks/week | |
WHO [20] | Low risk: Male <40 g/day, Female <20 g/day |
Medium risk: Male 40–60 g/day, Female 20–40 g/day | |
High risk: Male >60 g/day, Female >40 g/day | |
NICE thresholds for liver cirrhosis assessment [21] | Male: 50 units/week, Female: 35 units/week |
AASLD [8], AACE [2], AGA [22] | Male: >21 standard drinks/week, Female: >14 standard drinks/week (over a 2-year period preceding baseline liver histology) |
EASL–EASD–EASO [9] | Male: >30 g/day, Female: >20 g/day |
EASL patient guideline [23] (1 unit equals 8 g of alcohol) | Male: >21 units/week, Female: >14 units/week |
APASL [24] | Male: two standard drinks per day (i.e., 140 g ethanol per week) |
Female: one standard drink per day (i.e., 70 g ethanol per week) | |
China [25] (during the past 12 months) | Male: >210 g/week, Female: >140 g/week |
KASL [10] | Male: >210 g/week, Female: >140 g/week |
NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; WHO, World Health Organization; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinology; AGA, American Gastroenterological Association; EASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver; EASD, European Association for the Study of Diabetes; EASO, European Association for the Study of Obesity; APASL, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver; KASL, Korean Association for the Study of the Liver.
Author | Year | Search | Number of included studies | Primary outcome | Participants (n) | Definition of moderate alcohol consumption | Pooled OR (95% CI) | Hetero geneity (I2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sookoian et al. [28] | 2014 | Unknown | 8 studies | NAFLD prevalence | 43,175 | <40 g/day | 0.684 (0.580–0.806) | NA |
Cao et al. [26] | 2016 | Without restriction | 13 cross-sectional studies, 2 cross-sectional following longitudinal studies, 1 cohort study | NAFLD prevalence | 76,608 | WHO definition | Light: 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 66% |
Moderate: 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 82.7% | |||||||
Wijarnpreecha et al. [27] | 2021 | February 2019 | 6 cross-sectional studies | Prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis | 8,936 | <28 g/day for males | Modest drinkers vs. nondrinkers: 0.51 (0.35–0.75) | 47% |
<14 g/day for females | ||||||||
Wongtrakul et al. [34] | 2021 | October 2020 | 14 cross-sectional or cohort studies | Prevalence of steatohepatitis | 14,435 | 210 g/week for males | Steatohepatitis: 0.59 (0.45–0.78) | 12% |
140 g/week for females | Advanced fibrosis: 0.59 (0.36–0.95) | 75% |
Hyunwoo Oh
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-8808
Won Sohn
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-2715
Yong Kyun Cho
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-006X
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