3. Seitz HK, Bataller R, Cortez-Pinto H, Gao B, Gual A, Lackner C, et al. Alcoholic liver disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018;4:16.
8. Zakhari S. Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body? Alcohol Res Health 2006;29:245-254.
10. Cederbaum AI. Nrf2 and antioxidant defense against CYP2E1 toxicity. Subcell Biochem 2013;67:105-130.
13. Lu SC. Regulation of glutathione synthesis. Mol Aspects Med 2009;30:42-59.
16. Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Kharbanda KK, Tuma DJ. Chronic ethanol consumption increases homocysteine accumulation in hepatocytes. Alcohol 2001;25:77-81.
17. Tsukamoto H, Lu SC. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. FASEB J 2001;15:1335-1349.
19. Ji C, Kaplowitz N. Betaine decreases hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. Gastroenterology 2003;124:1488-1499.
20. Lee TD, Sadda MR, Mendler MH, Bottiglieri T, Kanel G, Mato JM, et al. Abnormal hepatic methionine and glutathione metabolism in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004;28:173-181.
21. Stickel F, Choi SW, Kim YI, Bagley PJ, Seitz HK, Russell RM, et al. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on total plasma homocysteine level in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000;24:259-264.
22. Hultberg B, Berglund M, Andersson A, Frank A. Elevated plasma homocysteine in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993;17:687-689.
23. Sasaki H, Sato H, Kuriyama-Matsumura K, Sato K, Maebara K, Wang H, et al. Electrophile response element-mediated induction of the cystine/glutamate exchange transporter gene expression. J Biol Chem 2002;277:44765-44771.
28. Hu CA, Lin WW, Valle D. Cloning, characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding human delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 1996;271:9795-9800.
30. Jeong WI, Osei-Hyiaman D, Park O, Liu J, Bátkai S, Mukhopadhyay P, et al. Paracrine activation of hepatic CB1 receptors by stellate cell-derived endocannabinoids mediates alcoholic fatty liver. Cell Metab 2008;7:227-235.
36. Julien B, Grenard P, Teixeira-Clerc F, Van Nhieu JT, Li L, Karsak M, et al. Antifibrogenic role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in the liver. Gastroenterology 2005;128:742-755.
37. Louvet A, Teixeira‐Clerc F, Chobert MN, Deveaux V, Pavoine C, Zimmer A, et al. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors protect against alcoholic liver disease by regulating Kupffer cell polarization in mice. Hepatology 2011;54:1217-1226.
38. Trebicka J, Racz I, Siegmund SV, Cara E, Granzow M, Schierwagen R, et al. Role of cannabinoid receptors in alcoholic hepatic injury: steatosis and fibrogenesis are increased in CB2 receptor-deficient mice and decreased in CB1 receptor knockouts. Liver Int 2011;31:860-870.
39. Basavarajappa BS, Saito M, Cooper TB, Hungund BL. Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor agonist 2-arachidonylglycerol by chronic ethanol and its modulation by specific neuromodulators in cerebellar granule neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000;1535:78-86.
43. Julio-Pieper M, Flor PJ, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Exciting times beyond the brain: metabotropic glutamate receptors in peripheral and non-neural tissues. Pharmacol Rev 2011;63:35-58.