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"Meta-analysis"

Letter to the Editor

Comment: Non-invasive prediction of post-sustained virological response hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus
Xinpu Miao, Haidong Wu, Jinrong Xu, Wei Cheng
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):e23-e24.
Published online November 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.1035
  • 5,521 View
  • 33 Download

Correspondence

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Correspondence to editorial on “Optimal cut-offs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”
Young Eun Chon, Jung Hwan Yu, Seung Up Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):e61-e63.
Published online October 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0878
  • 5,740 View
  • 45 Download

Letter to the Editor

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Letter regarding “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population”
Wei Feng, Qile Wang, Qingwang Ye
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):e21-e22.
Published online October 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0887
  • 6,483 View
  • 36 Download
  • 1 Web of Science

Correspondence

Steatotic liver disease

Correspondence to editorial on “Optimal cutoffs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
Jung Hwan Yu, Seung Up Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):e52-e54.
Published online September 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0815
  • 7,420 View
  • 42 Download

Original Articles

Steatotic liver disease

Optimal cut-offs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Young Eun Chon, Young-Joo Jin, Jihyun An, Hee Yeon Kim, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun, Mi Na Kim, Ji Won Han, Han Ah Lee, Jung Hwan Yu, Seung Up Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(Suppl):S117-S133.
Published online August 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0392
Background/aims
Opinions differ regarding vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography (VCTE/MRE) cut-offs for diagnosing advanced fibrosis (AF) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the diagnostic performance and optimal cut-off values of VCTE and MRE for diagnosing AF.
Methods
Literature databases, including Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed, were used to identify relevant studies published up to June 13, 2023. We selected studies evaluating VCTE and MRE regarding the degree of liver fibrosis using liver biopsy as the reference. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) of the pooled data for VCTE and MRE for each fibrosis stage and optimal cut-offs for AF were investigated.
Result
s: A total of 19,199 patients from 63 studies using VCTE showed diagnostic AUC of 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.86), 0.83 (0.80–0.86), 0.87 (0.84–0.90), and 0.94 (0.91–0.96) for ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 stages, respectively. Similarly, 1,484 patients from 14 studies using MRE showed diagnostic AUC of 0.89 (0.86–0.92), 0.92 (0.89–0.94), 0.89 (0.86–0.92), and 0.94 (0.91–0.96) for ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 stages, respectively. The diagnostic AUC for AF using VCTE was highest at 0.90 with a cut-off of 7.1–7.9 kPa, and that of MRE was highest at 0.94 with a cut-off of 3.62–3.8 kPa.
Conclusions
VCTE (7.1–7.9 kPa) and MRE (3.62–3.8 kPa) with the suggested cut-offs showed favorable accuracy for diagnosing AF in patients with NAFLD. This result will serve as a basis for clinical guidelines for non-invasive tests and differential diagnosis of AF.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Non-invasive Risk-based Surveillance Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease
    Ji Won Han
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2026; 86(1): 62.     CrossRef
  • Correspondence to editorial on “Optimal cut-offs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analy
    Young Eun Chon, Jung Hwan Yu, Seung Up Kim
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e61.     CrossRef
  • Essential tools for assessing advanced fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Editorial on “Optimal cut-offs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fib
    Won Sohn
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): 277.     CrossRef
  • Correspondence to editorial on “Optimal cutoffs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analys
    Jung Hwan Yu, Seung Up Kim
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e52.     CrossRef
  • Towards unification of liver stiffness measurement cutoffs: Editorial on “Optimal cut-offs of vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography in diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver d
    Yangyue Zhang, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): 264.     CrossRef
  • Sustainability of General Population Screening for Steatotic Liver Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study
    Laura De Rosa, Gabriele Ricco, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Ferruccio Bonino, Francesco Faita
    Healthcare.2025; 13(7): 759.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic Efficacy of Silymarin, Vitamin E, and Essential Phospholipid Combination Therapy on Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Metabolic Parameters in MASLD Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study
    Dan-Ionuț Gheonea, Cristina Tocia, Victor-Mihai Sacerdoțianu, Alexandra-Georgiana Bocioagă, Irina-Paula Doica, Nicolae Cătălin Manea, Adina Turcu-Știolică, Carmen-Nicoleta Oancea, Eugen Dumitru
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(12): 5427.     CrossRef
  • Deep learning radiomics of elastography for diagnosing compensated advanced chronic liver disease: an international multicenter study
    Xue Lu, Haoyan Zhang, Hidekatsu Kuroda, Matteo Garcovich, Victor de Ledinghen, Ivica Grgurević, Runze Linghu, Hong Ding, Jiandong Chang, Min Wu, Cheng Feng, Xinping Ren, Changzhu Liu, Tao Song, Fankun Meng, Yao Zhang, Ye Fang, Sumei Ma, Jinfen Wang, Xiaol
    Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Liver disease in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): A cross-sectional study using magnetic resonance elastography
    Ernesto Maddaloni, Marta Zerunian, Vincenzo Cardinale, Annalisa Zurru, Rocco Amendolara, Daniela Luverà, Renata Risi, Luca D’Onofrio, Benedetta Masci, Francesco Covotta, Damiano Caruso, Domenico Alvaro, Andrea Laghi, Raffaella Buzzetti
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 229: 112465.     CrossRef
  • Paired snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq analysis of MASLD patients to identify early-stage markers for disease progression
    Suebin Park, Su-Hyeon Lee, Se-eun Han, Beom Kyung Kim, Byungjin Hwang
    Hepatology Communications.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Even Lower Alcohol Intake Might Be Harmful for East Asian Males With MASLD Spectrum
    Byungyoon Yun, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lean Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing
    Xixi Fang, Chenhao Xu, Jun Lu, Runzhou Zhuang, Xiao Xu, Xuyong Wei
    Cell Biochemistry and Function.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mistakes in the utilization of vibration-controlled transient elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis: a narrative review
    Madunil Anuk Niriella, Uditha Bandara Dassanayake, Charith Priyanga Madurapperuma, Indeewari Prathibha Wijesingha, Arjuna Priyadarshin De Silva, Hithnadura Janaka de Silva
    Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; 19(12): 1299.     CrossRef
  • Transient Elastography and Fibroscan: Stethoscope of a Hepatologist in Today’s World
    Sajid Jalil, Mangesh Pagadala, Nicholas Dunn, Hanna Blaney, Mohamed Elfeki, Nimish Thakral, Ashwani K. Singal
    Current Hepatology Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of non-invasive fibrosis markers: Insights from chronic HBV, HBV+HDV, and HCV infections
    Aziza Saydullaevna Khikmatullaeva, Krestina Stepanovna Brigida, Nargiza Mirzakhidovna Мirrakhimova, Muazzam Alievna Аbdukadirova, Nargiz Sapievna Ibadullaeva, Allabergan Kadirovich Bayjanov, Nataliya Georgiyevna Kan, Malika Erkinovna Khodjaeva, Nargiza An
    Infectious Medicine.2025; 4(4): 100220.     CrossRef
  • 9,798 View
  • 218 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Hee Yeon Kim, Jung Hwan Yu, Young Eun Chon, Seung Up Kim, Mi Na Kim, Ji Won Han, Han Ah Lee, Young-Joo Jin, Jihyun An, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun
Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(Suppl):S199-S213.
Published online July 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0351
Background/Aims
Although important, clinically significant liver fibrosis is often overlooked in the general population. We aimed to examine the prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis using noninvasive tests (NITs) in the general population.
Methods
We collected data from four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) from inception to June 13, 2023. Original articles reporting the prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population were included. The Stata metaprop function was used to obtain the pooled prevalence of liver fibrosis with NITs in the general population.
Result
s: We screened 6,429 articles and included 45 eligible studies that reported the prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population. The prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis, using the high probability cutoff of the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.7%). The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis, assessed using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) among the general population, was 7.3% (95% CI, 5.9–8.8%), 3.5% (95% CI, 2.7–4.5), and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.8–1.8%), respectively. Region-based subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of advanced fibrosis using the high probability cutoff of the FIB-4 index was observed in the American region. Furthermore, the American region exhibited the highest prevalence of significant liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis, using VCTE.
Conclusions
Previously undiagnosed clinically significant liver fibrosis is found in the general population through NITs. Future research is necessary to stratify the risk in the general population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Evaluating treatment response thresholds for cost-effective treatment in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
    Eileen L. Yoon, Jeong-Yeon Cho, Huiyul Park, Mimi Kim, Ji-Hyeon Park, Hye-Lin Kim, Dae Won Jun
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): 276.     CrossRef
  • The Regulatory Role of Iron Transporter SLC39A13 in Liver Fibrosis
    Shanshan Guo, Yalin Wang, Binyu Lu, Yu Zhang, David M. Frazer, Bing Zhou
    Advanced Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spotting undiagnosed significant liver fibrosis in the general population: impact on subsequent clinical care: Editorial on “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
    Nana Peng, Mary Yue Wang, Sherlot Juan Song, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): 256.     CrossRef
  • Correspondence to editorial on “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
    Hee Yeon Kim, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e48.     CrossRef
  • Letter regarding “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population”
    Wei Feng, Qile Wang, Qingwang Ye
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e21.     CrossRef
  • Correspondence to letter to the editor on “Prevalence of clinically significant liver fibrosis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
    Hee Yeon Kim, Miyoung Choi, Dae Won Jun
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e105.     CrossRef
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor AMSP-30 m attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the sonic hedgehog pathway
    Lili Lu, Yuchen Ma, Qing Tao, Jing Xie, Xiao Liu, Yongkang Wu, Yang Zhang, Xiuli Xie, Mingming Liu, Yong Jin
    Chemico-Biological Interactions.2025; 413: 111480.     CrossRef
  • Vibration-controlled transient elastography in shaping the epidemiology and management of steatotic liver disease: Editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017–2023”
    Xiao-Dong Zhou, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Daniel Q Huang, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Mazen Noureddin, Ming-Hua Zheng
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): 620.     CrossRef
  • Simple Clinical Prediction Rules for Identifying Significant Liver Fibrosis: Evaluation of Established Scores and Development of the Aspartate Aminotransferase-Thrombocytopenia-Albumin (ATA) Score
    Puwitch Charoenchue, Jiraporn Khorana, Apichat Tantraworasin, Suwalee Pojchamarnwiputh, Wittanee Na Chiangmai, Amonlaya Amantakul, Taned Chitapanarux, Nakarin Inmutto
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(9): 1119.     CrossRef
  • Targeting endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in liver fibrosis: From signaling mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
    Yawei Kong, Zhengyang Chen, Zhentian Nie, Wei Chen
    Pharmacological Research.2025; 217: 107823.     CrossRef
  • Decoding the hepatic fibrosis-hepatocellular carcinoma axis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
    Anqi Lin, Minying Xiong, Bufu Tang, Aimin Jiang, Junyi Shen, Zaoqu Liu, Quan Cheng, Jian Zhang, Peng Luo
    Hepatology International.2025; 19(4): 732.     CrossRef
  • Cost-effectiveness of advanced hepatic fibrosis screening in individuals with suspected MASLD identified by serologic noninvasive tests
    Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Ji-hyeon Park, Ramsey Cheung, Jeong-Yeon Cho, Hye-Lin Kim, Dae Won Jun
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Senkyunolide I targets CXCR4 to attenuate liver fibrosis via suppression of the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway
    Kexin Wang, Yuxin Yang, Bingjie Yue, Mengyang Li, Chu Chen, Junrong Du, Fangyi Long
    International Immunopharmacology.2025; 164: 115348.     CrossRef
  • Chronic liver disease and radiation-induced second primary liver malignancy: a retrospective cohort based on SEER database 2010–2021
    Asmaa Ellaithy, Aya Serageldeen, Alhareth Alhusban, Mariam Emad Seif, Mahmoud Essam Abdelhamid, Bushra Al-Shaikh, Asmaa Sayed Ibrahim, Eslam Mohamed Elshennawy, Ibrahim Ellaithy
    Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(8): 4742.     CrossRef
  • PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS ETIOPATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF CHRONIC DIFFUSE LIVER DISEASES
    B. Sakhova, A. Oshibayeva, N. Nuskabayeva, E. Iskandirova, Zh. Rsalieva, N. Karabayev, L. Karimova, L. Ozbakyr
    Medicine and ecology.2025; (3): 35.     CrossRef
  • Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis and fibrosis: A population‐based cohort study and risk factor analysis
    Tan‐Tzu Lo, Wan‐Ting Huang, Chia‐Lung Shih, Pensee Wu
    International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modified FIB-4 Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Steatosis: A Non-Linear Predictive Model for Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis
    Jonghyun Kim, Takanori Ito, Taeang Arai, Masanori Atsukawa, Miwa Kawanaka, Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Honda, Ming-Lung Yu, Eileen L. Yoon, Dae Won Jun, Kyungjoon Cha, Mindie H. Nguyen
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(22): 2500.     CrossRef
  • 12,265 View
  • 213 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Steatotic liver disease

Diagnostic accuracy of the Fibrosis-4 index for advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ji Won Han, Hee Yeon Kim, Jung Hwan Yu, Mi Na Kim, Young Eun Chon, Ji Hyun An, Young-Joo Jin, Miyoung Choi, Seung Up Kim, Han Ah Lee, Dae Won Jun
Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(Suppl):S147-S158.
Published online July 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0330
Background/Aims
The Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) is a noninvasive test widely used to rule out advanced liver fibrosis (AF) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its diagnostic accuracy in NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is controversial due to the high prevalence of AF in this population.
Methods
Research focusing on the diagnostic accuracy of FIB-4 for liver fibrosis as validated by liver histology in NAFLD patients with T2DM was included, and 12 studies (n=5,624) were finally included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC), positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) at low cutoffs (1.3–1.67) and high cutoffs (2.67–3.25) for ruling in and out AF were calculated.
Result
s: At low cutoffs, the meta-analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.74, specificity of 0.62, and HSROC of 0.75. At high cutoffs, the analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.33, specificity of 0.92, and HSROC of 0.85, suggesting FIB-4 as useful for identifying or excluding AF. In subgroup analyses, high mean age and F3 prevalence were associated with lower sensitivity. The calculated NPV and PPV were 0.82 and 0.49 at low cutoffs, whereas the NPV was 0.28 and the PPV was 0.70 at high cutoffs. There were insufficient estimated NPVs <0.90 at a hypothesized prevalence of AF >30% at an FIB-4 cutoff range of 1.3–1.67.
Conclusions
Collectively, FIB-4 has moderate diagnostic accuracy for identifying or excluding AF in NAFLD patients with T2DM, but more evidence must be accumulated due to the limited number of currently reported studies and their heterogeneity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Two-step clinical care pathway to predict MASLD-related advanced fibrosis and long-term outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    Yuping Chen, Bingtian Dong, Xinrui Jin, Chuan Liu, Ming-Hua Zheng, Xiao Liang, Yameng Sun, Hye Won Lee, Huapeng Lin, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Salvatore Petta, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Masato Yoneda, Hannes Hagström, Jérôme Boursier, José Luis Calleja, George Boo
    Gut.2026; : gutjnl-2025-337506.     CrossRef
  • Part 2: CAR Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Working Group Recommendations for Risk Stratifying Patients With MASLD
    Mitchell P. Wilson, Gavin Low, Abdel-Aziz Shaheen, Andreu F. Costa, An Tang, Emily Pang, Silvia Chang, Alexandra Medellin, Jérémy Dana, Noam Millo, Ania Kielar, Li Xin Zhang, Toni Whitaker, Mark Swain, Victoria Leung, Daisy Fung, Casey Hurrell, Christophe
    Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.2026; 77(1): 73.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic value of the FIB-4 index in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries
    Wei Zhang, Yuqi Chen, Liu Zhu, Siliang Peng, Mengchao Jin, Jiayu Yin
    International Journal of Cardiology.2026; 445: 134045.     CrossRef
  • Reply to: “A machine learning model to predict liver-related outcomes after the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: Is cirrhosis driving the performance?”
    Moon Haeng Hur, Jeong-Hoon Lee
    Journal of Hepatology.2025; 82(3): e143.     CrossRef
  • The fibrosis-4 index for advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD with T2DM: Half a loaf is better than no bread
    Zeyu Wang, Dong Wan, Meidong Xu, Yong Jiang
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): e25.     CrossRef
  • Non-Invasive Liver Fibrosis Test Using Shear Wave Elastography
    Ji Won Han
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2025; 100(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • Age serves as the silent architect of FIB-4’s precision in unveiling advanced hepatic fibrosis in MASLD with T2DM: Correspondence to letter to the editor on “Diagnostic accuracy of the fibrosis-4 index for advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liv
    Ji Won Han, Dae Won Jun
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e152.     CrossRef
  • Targeting endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in liver fibrosis: From signaling mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
    Yawei Kong, Zhengyang Chen, Zhentian Nie, Wei Chen
    Pharmacological Research.2025; 217: 107823.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of FIB-4, APRI and AST/ALT ratio with FibroScan in patients with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes: a single-center study from Bangladesh
    Muhammad Shah Alam, Syeda Tanzina Kalam, Monirul Islam Khan, Jabed Ahmed, Rahul Saha, A. B. M. Kamrul-Hasan
    Egyptian Liver Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of a high dietary fiber cereal meal intervention on the progression of liver fibrosis in T2DM with MASLD
    Xi-Shuang Chen, Hui-Zhen Liu, Fang Huang, Jian Meng, Jing-Xian Fang, Yu Han, Hui-Ming Zou, Qing Gu, Xue Hu, Qian-Wen Ma, Yue-Xia Han, Sui-Jun Wang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between fibrosis-4 index and coronary heart disease: a population-based study
    Pan Jia, Mamajan Annamyradova, Genhao Fan, Qizhen Zhang, Yankun Song, Qiaozhi Li, Minghao Liu, Zuoying Xing, Yongxia Wang
    BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Forns index and fatty liver index, but not FIB-4, are associated with indices of glycaemia, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: analysis of The Maastricht Study
    Leen Heyens, Hanna Kenjic, Pieter Dagnelie, Casper Schalkwijk, Coen Stehouwer, Steven Meex, Jeroen Kooman, Otto Bekers, Marleen van Greevenbroek, Hans Savelberg, Geert Robaeys, Bastiaan de Galan, Annemarie Koster, Martien van Dongen, Simone Eussen, Ger Ko
    BMJ Open Gastroenterology.2024; 11(1): e001466.     CrossRef
  • 7,145 View
  • 184 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Steatotic liver disease

Global incidence of adverse clinical events in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Michael H. Le, David M. Le, Thomas C. Baez, Hansen Dang, Vy H. Nguyen, KeeSeok Lee, Christopher D. Stave, Takanori Ito, Yuankai Wu, Yee Hui Yeo, Fanpu Ji, Ramsey Cheung, Mindie H. Nguyen
Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(2):235-246.
Published online January 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0485
Background/Aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a multitude of adverse outcomes. We aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of NAFLD-related adverse events.
Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of adults with NAFLD to evaluate the pooled incidence of adverse events.
Result
s: 19,406 articles were screened, 409 full-text articles reviewed, and 79 eligible studies (1,377,466 persons) were included. Mean age was 51.47 years and body mass index 28.90 kg/m2. Baseline comorbidities included metabolic syndrome (41.73%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (16.83%), cirrhosis (21.97%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (58.85%). Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years for mortality included: all-cause (14.6), CVD-related (4.53), non-liver cancer-related (4.53), and liver-related (3.10). Incidence for liver-related events included overall (24.3), fibrosis progression (49.0), cirrhosis (10.9), liver transplant (12.0), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3.39). Incidence for non-liver events included metabolic syndrome (25.4), hypertension (25.8), dyslipidemia (26.4), diabetes (19.0), CVD (24.77), renal impairment (30.3), depression/anxiety (29.1), and non-liver cancer (10.5). Biopsy-proven NASH had higher incidence of HCC (P=0.043) compared to non-NASH. Higher rates of CVD and mortality were observed in North America and Europe, hypertension and non-liver cancer in North America, and HCC in Western Pacific/Southeast Asia (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed by sex. Time-period analyses showed decreasing rates of cardiovascular and non-liver cancer mortality and increasing rates of decompensated cirrhosis (P<0.05).
Conclusions
People with NAFLD have high incidence of liver and non-liver adverse clinical events, varying by NASH, geographic region, and time-period, but not sex.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Association between dietary amino acid intake and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
    Ruoqi Zhou, Xinrong Zhang, Xinxin Liu, Rui Huang, Yuwei Wang, Dajing Xia, Xue Li, Yihua Wu, Yu Shi
    Journal of Advanced Research.2026; 80: 893.     CrossRef
  • Effect of hypertension on long-term adverse clinical outcomes and liver fibrosis progression in MASLD
    Xiao-Dong Zhou, Li-You Lian, Qin-Fen Chen, Seung Up Kim, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Salvatore Petta, Atsushi Nakajima, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Junping Shi, Wah-Kheong Chan, Jérôme Boursier, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Yusuf Yilmaz, Hannes Hagström, Manuel Romero-Gomez,
    Journal of Hepatology.2026; 84(2): 254.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Liver Fibrosis and Cause‐Specific Mortality in Japanese Patients With Biopsy‐Confirmed Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study / Liver Fibrosis and Mortality in Japanese MASLD
    Kyoko Sakai, Toshihide Shima, Hirohisa Oya, Takahiro Miura, Shohei Amioka, Takahiro Nonaka, Shinsaku Fujiishi, Keiichiro Okuda, Kei Terasaki, Kohei Fukumoto, Yasuhide Mitsumoto, Masayuki Mizuno, Takeshi Okanoue
    Hepatology Research.2026; 56(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease According to Steatotic Liver Disease and Its Subclassifications: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
    Aryoung Kim, Danbee Kang, Sung Chul Choi, Dong Hyun Sinn, Hye Ryoun Jang, Geum-Youn Gwak
    Gut and Liver.2026; 20(1): 117.     CrossRef
  • Attention-based deep learning model for clinical assessment of focal liver lesions using ultrasound imaging
    Sunkanaboina Chandra Lingamaiah, Thunakala Bala Krishna, Ajay Kumar Reddy Poreddy, Priyanka Kokil
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Hepatic neoplasm

Loco-regional therapies competing with radiofrequency ablation in potential indications for hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis
Ha Il Kim, Jihyun An, Seungbong Han, Ju Hyun Shim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(4):1013-1028.
Published online July 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0131
Background/Aims
There is no clear consensus on the relative ranking of interventional and radiation techniques with indications similar to those of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We used a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of non-surgical treatments for early HCC.
Methods
We searched databases for randomized trials assessing the efficacy of loco-regional treatments for HCCs ≤5 cm with no extrahepatic spread or portal invasion. The primary outcome was the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes included overall and local progression-free survival (PFS). A frequentist network meta-analysis was performed, and the relative ranking of therapies was assessed with P-scores.
Result
s: Nineteen studies comparing 11 different strategies in 2,793 patients were included. Chemoembolization plus RFA improved OS better than RFA alone (HR 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.82; P-score=0.951). Cryoablation, microwave ablation, laser ablation, and proton beam therapy had similar effects on OS compared with RFA. For overall PFS, but not local PFS, only chemoembolization plus RFA performed significantly better than RFA (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.88; P-score=0.964). Injection of percutaneous ethanol or acetic acid was significantly less effective than RFA for all measured outcomes, while no differences in progression outcomes were identified for other therapies included in the network.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that chemoembolization combined with RFA is the best option for local treatment of early HCC. Cases with potential contraindications for RFA may benefit from a tailored approach using thermal or radiation modalities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
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  • Efficacy and Safety of CT-guided Percutaneous Cryoablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma at High-risk Sites
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  • Chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation is the best option for the local treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma?
    Hyo-Cheol Kim
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(4): 984.     CrossRef
  • 8,976 View
  • 185 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Steatotic liver disease

Comparison of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and thiazolidinediones on treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis
Min Jeong Park, Hayeon Kim, Myeong Gyu Kim, Kyungim Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(3):693-704.
Published online March 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0330
Background/Aims
Previous studies have revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and thiazolidinedione (TZD) can improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, comprehensive research comparing the effects of GLP-1RA and TZD is limited. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of GLP-1RA and TZD on NAFLD or NASH through a network meta-analysis.
Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the efficacy of GLP-1RAs or TZDs in adult patients with NAFLD or NASH. The outcomes were liver biopsy-based (NAFLD activity score [NAS], fibrosis stage, and NASH resolution), noninvasive technique-based (liver fat content on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy [1H-MRS] and controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]), biological, and anthropometric indicators. A random effects model was used to calculate the mean difference (MD) and relative risk with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Result
s: Twenty-five RCTs with 2,237 overweight or obese patients were included. GLP-1RA was significantly superior in reducing liver fat content evaluated using 1H-MRS (MD –2.42, 95% CI –3.84 to –1.00), body mass index (MD –1.60, 95% CI –2.41 to –0.80), and waist circumference (MD –4.89, 95% CI –8.17 to –1.61) than TZD. In liver biopsy-based evaluation and liver fat content assessment using CAP, GLP-1RA tended to surpass TZD, albeit not significantly. Sensitivity analysis showed consistent results with the main results.
Conclusions
Compared with TZD, GLP-1RA had better effects on liver fat content, body mass index, and waist circumference in overweight or obese patients with NAFLD or NASH.

Citations

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Letters to the Editor

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of dementia: Unmet need for a pooled analysis of cohort studies
Seogsong Jeong, Won Kim, Sang Min Park
Clin Mol Hepatol 2022;28(4):933-934.
Published online September 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0267

Citations

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    Seogsong Jeong
    Gut and Liver.2026; 20(1): 3.     CrossRef
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Li-Yu Lu, Min-You Wu, Yung-Shuo Kao, Cheng-Hsien Hung
Clin Mol Hepatol 2022;28(4):931-932.
Published online September 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0259

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    Seogsong Jeong
    Gut and Liver.2026; 20(1): 3.     CrossRef
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Original Articles

Global prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Darren Jun Hao Tan, Sabrina Xin Zi Quek, Jie Ning Yong, Adithya Suresh, Kaiser Xuan Ming Koh, Wen Hui Lim, Jingxuan Quek, Ansel Tang, Caitlyn Tan, Benjamin Nah, Eunice Tan, Taisei Keitoku, Mark D. Muthiah, Nicholas Syn, Cheng Han Ng, Beom Kyung Kim, Nobuharu Tamaki, Cyrus Su Hui Ho, Rohit Loomba, Daniel Q. Huang
Clin Mol Hepatol 2022;28(4):864-875.
Published online July 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0136
Background/Aims
Depression and anxiety are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prevalence of depression and anxiety in HCC are unclear. We aimed to establish the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC.
Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched and original articles reporting prevalence of anxiety or depression in patients with HCC were included. A generalized linear mixed model with Clopper-Pearson intervals was used to obtain the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC. Risk factors were analyzed via a fractional-logistic regression model.
Result
s: Seventeen articles involving 64,247 patients with HCC were included. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC was 24.04% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.99–38.11%) and 22.20% (95% CI, 10.07–42.09%) respectively. Subgroup analysis determined that the prevalence of depression was lowest in studies where depression was diagnosed via clinician-administered scales (16.07%;95% CI, 4.42–44.20%) and highest in self-reported scales (30.03%; 95% CI, 17.19–47.01%). Depression in patients with HCC was lowest in the Americas (16.44%; 95% CI, 6.37–36.27%) and highest in South-East Asia (66.67%; 95% CI, 56.68–75.35%). Alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and college education significantly increased risk of depression in patients with HCC.
Conclusions
One in four patients with HCC have depression, while one in five have anxiety. Further studies are required to validate these findings, as seen from the wide CIs in certain subgroup analyses. Screening strategies for depression and anxiety should also be developed for patients with HCC.

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Hepatic neoplasm

Meta-analysis of the correlation between the rs17401966 polymorphism in kinesin family member 1B and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma
Mingkuan Su, Jianfeng Guo, Jiancheng Huang
Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23(2):138-146.
Published online April 21, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.0083
Background/Aims
The association between the kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B) gene polymorphism and the risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated in many peer-reviewed studies. However, scholars have failed to replicate these results in validation tests. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether the KIF1B rs17401966 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to HCC.
Methods
The results of case-controlled studies on the correlation between the KIF1B rs17401966 polymorphism and HCC susceptibility were collected using Google Scholar and the EMBASE, PubMed and CNKI databases. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 papers with a total of 12 cohorts were included in this study.
Result
s: The 12 cohorts were integrated, and the results showed that the rs17401966 polymorphism reduced the risk for HCC under the allele, heterozygous, homozygous, and dominant models but not under the additive or recessive models. Moreover, the merged results showed strong heterogeneity, and the cumulative meta-analysis results were unreliable. A genetic differentiation analysis of the 12 cohorts found different degrees of genetic differentiation between the 5 cohorts in Zhang et al.’s study and the cohorts in the other studies. We further divided the 12 study cohorts into 2 subgroups based on fixation index value; however, the results of that analysis were inconsistent.
Conclusions
The results of this meta-analysis were not able to verify the association between the KIF1B rs1740199 polymorphism and HCC risk. Therefore, a well-designed, large-scale, multicenter validation study is needed to confirm the relationship.

Citations

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  • Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Antigens and Enriched Pathways Identify New Targets for Therapy
    Eithar Mohamed, Sara Goodman, Leah Cooksey, Daniel M. Fletcher, Olivia Dean, Viktoriya B. Boncheva, Ken I. Mills, Kim H. Orchard, Barbara-ann Guinn
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Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Transient elastography versus hepatic venous pressure gradient for diagnosing portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Gaeun Kim, Moon Young Kim, Soon Koo Baik
Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23(1):34-41.
Published online March 7, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.0059
Background/Aims
Transient elastography (TE) has been proposed as a promising noninvasive alternative to hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) for detecting portal hypertension (PH). However, previous studies have yielded conflicting results. We gathered evidence from literature on the clinical usefulness of TE versus HVPG for assessing PH.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review by searching databases for relevant literature evaluating the clinical usefulness of non-invasive TE for assessing PH in patients with cirrhosis. A literature search in Ovid Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed for all studies published prior to December 30, 2015.
Result
s: Eight studies (1,356 patients) met our inclusion criteria. For the detection of PH (HVPG ≥6 mmHg), the summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.90) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.67-0.81), respectively. Regarding clinically significant PH (HVPG ≥10 mmHg), the summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95% CI 0.63-0.97) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.50-0.93), respectively. The overall correlation estimate of TE and HVPG was large (0.75, 95% CI: 0.65; 0.82, P<0.0001).
Conclusions
TE showed high accuracy and correlation for detecting the severity of PH. Therefore, TE shows promise as a reliable and non-invasive procedure for the evaluation of PH that should be integrated into clinical practice.

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Review

Artificial intelligence, epidemiology, methodology, or others

Overview and recent trends of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in hepatology
Gaeun Kim, Soon Koo Baik
Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20(2):137-150.
Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2014.20.2.137

A systematic review (SR) is a research methodology that involves a comprehensive search for and analysis of relevant studies on a specific topic. A strict and objective research process is conducted that comprises a systematic and comprehensive literature search in accordance with predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and an assessment of the risk of bias of the selected literature. SRs require a multidisciplinary approach that necessitates cooperation with clinical experts, methodologists, other experts, and statisticians. A meta-analysis (MA) is a statistical method of quantitatively synthesizing data, where possible, from the primary literature selected for the SR. Review articles differ from SRs in that they lack a systematic methodology such as a literature search, selection of studies according to strict criteria, assessment of risk bias, and synthesis of the study results. The importance of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in the decision-making for public policy has recently been increasing thanks to the realization that it should be based on scientific research data. SRs and MAs are essential for EBM strategy and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. This review addresses the current trends in SRs and MAs in the field of hepatology via a search of recently published articles in the Cochrane Library and Ovid-MEDLINE.

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