Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

"Won Park"

Erratum

Hepatic neoplasm

Erratum to ‘Genomic biomarkers to predict response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from the IMbrave150 trial’ [Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30:807-823]: Sun Young Yim, Sung Hwan Lee, Seung-Woo Baek, Bohwa Sohn, Yun Seong Jeong, Sang-Hee Kang, Kena Park, Hyewon Park, Sunyoung S. Lee, Ahmed O. Kaseb, Young Nyun Park, Sun-Hee Leem, Michael A. Curran, Ji Hoon Kim, Ju-Seog Lee; Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(2):669-670.
Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0333e; Corrects: Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(4):807

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Original Articles

GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma: Hyung Seok Kim, Jung Hwan Yoon, Ji Yi Choi, Moon Gyeong Yoon, Geum Ok Baek, Minji Kang, Se Ha Jang, Won Park, Yunjin Go, Jestlin Tianthing Ng, Suk Woo Nam, Jee-Yeong Jeong, Ji Eun Han, Hyo Jung Cho, Su Bin Lim, Soon Sun Kim, Jae Youn Cheong, Jung Woo Eun; Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):914-934.
Published online February 6, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.1038

Background/Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high recurrence and mortality, necessitating the identification of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictive gene signatures for HCC recurrence and evaluate the efficiency of GULP PTB domain-containing engulfment adaptor 1 (GULP1) as a predictive and diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Methods
We analyzed genomic datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and 10-fold cross-validation, leading to the development of a 15-gene risk score model, which was validated using three independent datasets. Serum GULP1 and α-fetoprotein levels were assessed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the model. Using clinical cohorts and patient sera, GULP1 roles were examined, and functional assays in vitro and in vivo were used to evaluate its effects on cell growth, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) activation, and β-catenin signaling.
Result
s: Our newly developed risk-score model accurately predicted recurrent HCC in all datasets. Among the 15 genes in the risk score model, GULP1 was overexpressed in patients with HCC and independently predicted HCC recurrence. Its expression modulation influenced cell growth and EMT, with observed effects on ARF6 activation and β-catenin signaling pathways.
Conclusions
GULP1 is a crucial biomarker for HCC, serving as a non-invasive diagnostic and predictive tool. It also plays key roles in HCC progression. Our findings highlight the potential use of GULP1 in treatment strategies targeting EMT and HCC recurrence to improve the personalized care and patient outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Correspondence to letter to the editor on “GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Hyung Seok Kim, Soon Sun Kim, Jae Youn Cheong, Jung Woo Eun
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e103. CrossRef
GULP1, a multifaceted diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma: Editorial on “GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Yuhao Xie, Lu-Qi Cao, John Wurpel, Zhe-Sheng Chen
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): 413. CrossRef
Letter to the editor on “GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Juan Yang, Xinyi Li, Sheng Zheng
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e10. CrossRef
GULP1: New hope for hepatocellular carcinoma: Reply to correspondence on “GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Yuhao Xie, Lu-Qi Cao, John Wurpel, Zhe-Sheng Chen
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e112. CrossRef
Correspondence to editorial on “GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Soon Sun Kim, Hyung Seok Kim, Jae Youn Cheong, Jung Woo Eun
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): e72. CrossRef
Unveiling GULP1 as a hepatocyte-specific role for recurrence: Editorial on “GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma”
Pengde Lu, Ning Wang
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): 410. CrossRef
The evolving landscape of biomarkers for systemic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Xinyu Guo, Zhongwei Zhao, Lingyi Zhu, Shuang Liu, Lingling Zhou, Fazong Wu, Shiji Fang, Minjiang Chen, Liyun Zheng, Jiansong Ji
Biomarker Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in research regarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition and prostate cancer
Xi Wei, Rui Liu, Wei Li, Qi Yu, Qing Tao Yang, Tao Li
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum Proteomic Profile Based on the TGF‐β Pathway Stratifies Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Xiyan Xiang, Kirti Shetty, Herbert Yu, Bibhuti Mishra, Linda L. Wong, Xianghong Jasmine Zhou, Sanjaya K. Satapathy, James M. Crawford, Patricia S. Latham, Steven‐Huy Han, Brandon Mathew, Nabil N. Dagher, Lawrence Lau, Fellanza Cacaj, Anil K. Vegesna, Srin
Liver International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Systematic analysis of the expression profiles and prognostic values of the FAM72 family in liver cancer
Weihao Kong, Long Teng, Kangjie Zhang, Yajun Zou, Xingyu Wang, Jianlin Zhang
Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2025; 44: 102358. CrossRef

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Crossref

Hepatic neoplasm

Genomic biomarkers to predict response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from the IMbrave150 trial: Sun Young Yim, Sung Hwan Lee, Seung-Woo Baek, Bohwa Sohn, Yun Seong Jeong, Sang-Hee Kang, Kena Park, Hyewon Park, Sunyoung S. Lee, Ahmed O. Kaseb, Young Nyun Park, Sun-Hee Leem, Michael A. Curran, Ji Hoon Kim, Ju-Seog Lee; Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(4):807-823.
Published online July 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0333

Background/Aims
Combination immunotherapy, exemplified by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, has become the standard of care for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the lack of predictive biomarkers and limited understanding of response mechanisms remain a challenge.
Methods
Using data from the IMbrave150plus cohort, we applied an immune signature score (ISS) predictor to stratify HCC patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or with sorafenib alone into potential high and low response groups. By applying multiple statistical approaches including a Bayesian covariate prediction algorithm, we refined the signature to 10 key genes (ISS10) for clinical use while maintaining similar predictive power to the full model. We further validated ISS10 in an independent HCC cohort treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab.
Result
s: The study identified a significant association between the ISS and treatment response. Among patients classified as high responders, those treated with the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination exhibited improved overall and progression-free survival as well as better objective response rate compared to those treated with sorafenib. We also observed a significant correlation between ISS10 and response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment. Analysis of immune cell subpopulations revealed distinct characteristics associated with ISS subtypes. In particular, the ISS10 high subtype displayed a more favorable immune environment with higher proportions of antitumor macrophages and activated T-cells, potentially explaining its better response.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that ISS and ISS10 are promising predictive biomarkers for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in HCC patients undergoing combination immunotherapy. These markers are crucial for refining patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches to advance the effectiveness of standard-of-care regimens.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Baseline and dynamic cytokines as biomarkers for immune checkpoint and anti-VEGF therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
H.C. Wilbur, L.X. Zhao, M. Nakazawa, C. Kao, J.D. Gordan, T.P. Gade, L. Cope, L.T. Kagohara, D. Zabransky, W.J. Ho, M. Baretti, M. Yarchoan
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Targeting TIME in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms of drug resistance and treatment strategies
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Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2025; 211: 104735. CrossRef
Differential Infiltration of T-Cell Populations in Tumor and Liver Tissues Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival in Surgically Resected Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Eun Ji Jang, Ho Joong Choi, Young Kyoung You, Deok Hwa Seo, Mi Hyun Kwon, Keungmo Yang, Jaejun Lee, Jeong Won Jang, Seung Kew Yoon, Ji Won Han, Pil Soo Sung
Cancers.2025; 17(9): 1548. CrossRef
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Molecular Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Management and Outcomes of Adverse Events Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Soon Kyu Lee, Bo Hyun Kim
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2025; 13(1): 65. CrossRef
Managing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Mohammad Saeid Rezaee-Zavareh, Soo Young Hwang, Naomy Kim, Hasmik Adetyan, Nguyen H. Tran, Ju Dong Yang
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatic Metabolic Signature and Its Association with the Response to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hyewon Park, Sowon Park, Kena Park, Sun Young Yim, Ju-Seog Lee, Sung Hwan Lee
ImmunoTargets and Therapy.2025; Volume 14: 787. CrossRef
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving atezolizumab–bevacizumab
Heechul Nam, Dong Yun Kim, Do Young Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Chang Wook Kim, Jaejun Lee, Keungmo Yang, Ji Won Han, Pil Soo Sung, Seung Kew Yoon, Hee Sun Cho, Hyun Yang, Si Hyun Bae, Soon Kyu Lee, Jung Hyun Kwon, Soon Woo Nam, Ahlim Lee, Do Seon Song, U Im Chang,
Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomes Reveal Exhausted Signature in Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Ruixin Chun, Haisen Ni, Ziyi Zhao, Chunlong Zhang
Genes.2025; 16(9): 1034. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Bevacizumab Combined with Atezolizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Shaobo Zhang, Jiabei Wang, Zebin Zhu, Peng Ji, Yanli Wang, Kun Cheng, Björn Nashan, Lianxin Liu, Shugeng Zhang
Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2025; Volume 12: 2007. CrossRef
Ultrasounic-radiomics models for predicting the response to Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
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PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0334099. CrossRef
Prognostic Significance of Glypican-3 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab
Ji Hoon Kim, Ji Won Han, Hee Sun Cho, Jeong Won Jang, Kwon Yong Tak, Pil Soo Sung
Cancers.2025; 17(24): 3967. CrossRef
An Early Increase in IL-10 and TNF-α Levels Following Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Treatment Predicts Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Soon Kyu Lee, Soon Woo Nam, Ji Won Han, Jung Hyun Kwon
Cancers.2024; 16(20): 3543. CrossRef
From biomarker discovery to combined therapies: Advancing hepatocellular carcinoma treatment strategies
Mo-Wei Kong, Yang Yu, Ying Wan, Yu Gao, Chun-Xiang Zhang
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(11): 4518. CrossRef

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Hepatic neoplasm

Transarterial radioembolization versus tyrosine kinase inhibitor in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis: Moon Haeng Hur, Yuri Cho, Do Young Kim, Jae Seung Lee, Gyoung Min Kim, Hyo-Cheol Kim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Dongho Hyun, Han Ah Lee, Yeon Seok Seo, In Joon Lee, Joong-Won Park, Yoon Jun Kim; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(3):763-778.
Published online May 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0076

Background/Aims
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) has shown promising results in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). However, whether TARE can provide superior or comparable outcomes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in patients with HCC and PVTT remains unclear. We compared the outcomes of TARE and TKI therapy in treatment-naïve patients with locally advanced HCC and segmental or lobar PVTT.
Methods
This multicenter study included 216 patients initially treated with TARE (n=124) or TKI (sorafenib or lenvatinib; n=92) between 2011 and 2021. Baseline characteristics were balanced using propensity score matching (PSM) or inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR).
Result
s: In the unmatched cohort, the median OS of the TARE and TKI groups were 28.2 and 7.2 months, respectively (p<0.001), and the TARE group experienced significantly and independently longer OS compared to the TKI group (adjusted hazard ratio=0.41, 95% confidence interval=0.28–0.60, p<0.001). Similar results were observed in the study cohorts balanced with IPTW (p=0.003) or PSM (p=0.004). Although PFS was comparable between the two groups, the TARE group showed a trend of prolonged PFS in a subpopulation of patients with Vp1 or Vp2 PVTT (p=0.052). In the matched cohorts, the ORR of the TARE group was 53.0–56.7%, whereas that of the TKI group was 12.3–15.0%.
Conclusions
For patients with advanced HCC with segmental or lobar PVTT and well-preserved liver function, TARE may provide superior OS compared to sorafenib or lenvatinib.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Transarterial radioembolization versus atezolizumab-bevacizumab for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis
Youngsu Park, Yuri Cho, Seung Up Kim, Aryoung Kim, Hyunjae Shin, Hyo-Cheol Kim, In Joon Lee, Gyoung Min Kim, Dongho Hyun, Yunmi Ko, Jeayeon Park, Jae Woong Yoon, Gyung Sun Lim, Moon Haeng Hur, Yun Bin Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Jung-Hwan
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Ramanpreet Singh, Mina S. Makary
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pre-transplant downstaging strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: Current therapies and future challenges
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World Journal of Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Radioembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Indications and Outcomes
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Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Liver Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Materials Today Bio.2025; 35: 102553. CrossRef
Concurrent nivolumab and external beam radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion: A phase II study
Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Chul Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Young-Hwan Koh, Jung Yong Hong, Yuri Cho, Dong Hyun Sinn, Boram Park, Joong-Won Park
JHEP Reports.2024; 6(4): 100991. CrossRef
Comparison between Nivolumab and Regorafenib as Second-line Systemic Therapies after Sorafenib Failure in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hong Jun Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Hyesung So, Ja Kyung Yoon, Jin-Young Choi, Hye Won Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Sang Hoon Ahn, Do Young Kim
Yonsei Medical Journal.2024; 65(7): 371. CrossRef
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Reappraisal of transarterial radioembolization for liver-confined hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Editorial on “Transarterial radioembolization versus tyrosine kinase inhibitor in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein throm
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Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(4): 659. CrossRef
Unexpected Anti-tumor Effect of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy and Radiofrequency Ablation Followed by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Editorial

Steatotic liver disease

The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Ji-Won Park, Ki Tae Suk; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(2):408-410.
Published online March 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0085

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Microbiome.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Reviews

Hepatic neoplasm

Overview of Asian clinical practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An Asian perspective comparison: Yuri Cho, Bo Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(2):252-262.
Published online March 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0099

Abstract
PDF

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly prevalent and the third most common cause of cancer-related death in Asia. In contrast to the West, the main etiology of HCC in many Asian countries except Japan is chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Differences in the major causes of HCC lead to significant clinical and treatment differences. This review summarizes and compares guidelines on managing HCC from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. From oncology and socio-economic perspectives, factors such as underlying diseases, staging methods, government policies, insurance coverage, and medical resources contribute to varying treatment strategies among countries. Furthermore, the differences in each guideline are fundamentally caused by the lack of incontrovertible medical evidence, and even existing results of clinical trials can be interpreted differently. This review will provide a complete overview of the current Asian guidelines for HCC in recommendations and in practice.

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Hepatic neoplasm

Preventive strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Yuri Cho, Bo Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(Suppl):S220-S227.
Published online November 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0360

Abstract
PDF

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide, including Asia. Most patients with NAFLD-related HCC are at a much-advanced stage and older age at the time of diagnosis than those with virus-related HCC because they have not undergone HCC surveillance. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis in NAFLD, preventive strategies for NAFLDrelated HCC, and strategies for the surveillance of patients with NAFLD.

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Editorials

Hepatic neoplasm

The emerging age-pattern changes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea: Yuri Cho, Bo Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park; Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(1):99-101.
Published online October 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0321

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Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: It is time to move forward: Bo Hyun Kim, Yuri Cho, Joong-Won Park; Clin Mol Hepatol 2022;28(4):810-813.
Published online September 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0257

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Review

Hepatic neoplasm

Epidemiology of liver cancer in South Korea: Bo Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park; Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24(1):1-9.
Published online December 18, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2017.0112

Abstract
PDF

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer (fourth in men and sixth in women) and the second largest cause of cancer mortality in South Korea. The crude incidence rate of liver cancer was 31.9/100,000 (47.5/100,000 in men and 16.2/100,000 in women) and the age-standardized incidence rate was 19.9/100,000 (32.4/100,000 in men and 8.8/100,000 in women) in 2014. The crude incidence rate increased from 1999 to 2011 and thereafter showed a subtle decreasing tendency. The crude prevalence rate was 113.6/100,000 (170.2/100,000 in men and 57.1/100,000 in women) and the age-standardized prevalence rate was 72.6/100,000 (115.7/100,000 in men and 33.7/100,000 in women) in 2014, which increased from 2010 to 2014. Survival from liver cancer has improved over the last two decades. The 5-year relative survival rate was markedly increased from 10.7% in those diagnosed with liver cancer between 1993 and 1995 to 32.8% in those diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. The epidemiology of liver cancer is influenced by that of underlying liver diseases such as viral hepatitis. Substantial progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis; however, uncontrolled alcoholic liver disease, obesity and diabetes appears to have the potential to emerge as major causes for liver cancer. Depending on the success of the control of risk factors, the epidemiology of liver cancer in Korea may change.

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Case Report

Drug induced liver injury

A case of levocetirizine-induced liver injury: Moon Chan Jung, Ja Kyung Kim, Jae Yeon Cho, Jae Won Song, Bohyun Lee, Ji Won Park, Jinwon Seo, Sung Eun Kim; Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22(4):495-498.
Published online December 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.0023

Abstract
PDF

Levocetirizine is a second-generation nonsedative antihistaminic agent that has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for treating allergic disease. There was only one case report of levocetirizine-induced liver toxicity, but a liver biopsy was not performed. In this article, we present the first case of levocetirizine-induced liver injury with histologic findings. A 48-year-old man was hospitalized with jaundice and generalized pruritus that had developed after 2 months of therapy with levocetirizine for prurigo nodularis. Laboratory findings revealed acute hepatitis with cholestasis. A liver biopsy demonstrated portal inflammation and hepatitis with apoptotic hepatocytes. The patient fully recovered 3 weeks after withdrawing levocetirizine. Although levocetirizine is safe and effective, physicians should be aware of its potential hepatotoxicity.

Citations

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Original Article

Prevalence of IgG anti-HAV in patients with chronic hepatitis B and in the general healthy population in Korea: Sang Ho Lee, Hyoung Su Kim, Kwon Oh Park, Jong Won Park, Seung Yeon Chun, Seung Jin Lim, Hyun Jung Cho, Sung Jun Kim, Hye Won Park, Han Kook Moon, Woon Geon Shin, Kyung Ho Kim, Myoung Kuk Jang, Jin Heon Lee, Hak Yang Kim; Korean J Hepatol 2010;16(4):362-368.
Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/kjhep.2010.16.4.362

Abstract
PDF

Background/Aims

Few studies have investigated hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroepidemiology in Koreans with chronic liver disease (CLD). This study compared the prevalence of IgG anti-HAV between the general healthy population and patients with hepatitis B virus-related CLD (HBV-CLD), with the aim of identifying predictors of HAV prior exposure.

Methods

In total, 1,319 patients were recruited between June 2008 and April 2010. All patients were tested for IgG anti-HAV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus. The patients were divided into the general healthy population group and the HBV-CLD group based on the presence of HBsAg. The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV was compared between these two groups.

Results

The age-standardized seroprevalence rates of IgG anti-HAV in the general healthy population and patients with HBV-CLD were 52.5% and 49.1%, respectively. The age-stratified IgG anti-HAV seroprevalence rates for ages ≤19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and ≥60 years were 14.3%, 11.2%, 45.5%, 90.5%, 97.6% and 98.3%, respectively, in the general healthy population, and 0%, 9.8%, 46.3%, 91.1%, 97.7%, and 100% in the HBV-CLD group. In multivariate analysis, age (<30 vs. 30-59 years: OR=19.339, 95% CI=12.504-29.911, P<0.001; <30 vs. ≥60 years: OR=1060.5, 95% CI=142.233-7907.964, P<0.001) and advanced status of HBV-CLD (OR=19.180, 95% CI=4.550-80.856, P<0.001) were independent predictors of HAV prior exposure.

Conclusions

The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV did not differ significantly between the general-healthy-population and HBV-CLD groups. An HAV vaccination strategy might be warranted in people younger than 35 years, especially in patients with HBV-CLD.

Citations

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