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"Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry"

Original Article

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Alcohol associated liver cirrhotics have higher mortality after index hospitalization: Long-term data of 5,138 patients
Priyanka Jain, Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry, Ashok Kumar Choudhury, Rakhi Maiwall, Guresh Kumar, Ankit Bharadwaj, Vinod Arora, Rajan Vijayaraghavan, Ankur Jindal, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Vikram Bhatia, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27(1):175-185.
Published online December 3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0068
Background/Aims
Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Every episode of decompensation and hospitalization reduces survival. We studied the clinical profile and long-term outcomes comparing alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALC) and non-ALC.

Methods
Cirrhosis patients at index hospitalisation (from January 2010 to June 2017), with ≥1 year follow-up were included.

Result
s: Five thousand and one hundred thirty-eight cirrhosis patients (age, 49.8±14.6 years; male, 79.5%; alcohol, 39.5%; Child-A:B:C, 11.7%:41.6%:46.8%) from their index hospitalization were analysed. The median time from diagnosis of cirrhosis to index hospitalization was 2 years (0.2–10). One thousand and seven hundred seven patients (33.2%) died within a year; 1,248 (24.3%) during index hospitalization. 59.5% (2,316/3,890) of the survivors, required at least one readmission, with additional mortality of 19.8% (459/2,316). ALC compared to non-ALC were more often (P<0.001) male (97.7% vs. 67.7%), younger (40–50 group, 36.2% vs. 20.2%; P<0.001) with higher liver related complications at baseline, (P<0.001 for each), sepsis: 20.3% vs. 14.9%; ascites: 82.2% vs. 65.9%; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: 21.8% vs. 15.7%; hepatic encephalopathy: 41.0% vs. 25.0%; acute variceal bleeding: 32.0% vs. 23.7%; and acute kidney injury 30.5% vs. 19.6%. ALC patients had higher Child-Pugh (10.6±2.0 vs. 9.0±2.3), model for end-stage liver-disease scores (21.49±8.47 vs. 16.85±7.79), and higher mortality (42.3% vs. 27.3%, P<0.001) compared to non-ALC.

Conclusions
One-third of cirrhosis patients die in index hospitalization. 60% of the survivors require at least one rehospitalization within a year. ALC patients present with higher morbidity and mortality and at a younger age.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Global, regional, and national burdens of alcohol-related cirrhosis among women from 1992 to 2021 and its predictions
    Zhou Zhang, Chun-mei Xu, Wei Chen, Kai-tao Yao, Ting Sun, Jing-hui Wang
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Machine learning-based nomogram for mortality risk stratification in cirrhotic patients with sepsis: a single-center predictive model
    Xing-Cheng Zhang, Bo-Wen Li, Xi-Qun Lei, Nan-Bing Shan, Jun-Ping Wei, Zhong-Hua Lu, Yun Sun
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insights into the Multifaceted Roles and Pleiotropic Functions of ALDH1L2 with Implications in Gastrointestinal Diseases and Cancer
    Partha Pratim Das, Subhash Medhi, Sangit Dutta, Anjan Jyoti Talukdar, Samudrala Gourinath
    Current Genetic Medicine Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Noninvasive Prognostic Scoring Systems in Male Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Study
    Cuiqin Li, Xia Peng, Yu Yang
    Hepatitis Monthly.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Burden of caregiving of alcohol related liver disease patients: a possible role of training and caregiver groups frequency. Proposal of a method, preliminary results
    Patrizia BALBINOT, Rinaldo PELLICANO, Gianni TESTINO
    Minerva Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Etiological Spectrum of Cirrhosis in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Shekhar Swaroop, Manas Vaishnav, Umang Arora, Sagnik Biswas, Arnav Aggarwal, Soumya Sarkar, Puneet Khanna, Anshuman Elhence, Ramesh Kumar, Amit Goel, Shalimar
    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2024; 14(2): 101291.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder and organ transplantation
    Gianni TESTINO, Rinaldo PELLICANO, Fabio CAPUTO
    Minerva Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Outcomes and Recurrence Rate of Esophageal Varices after Endoscopic Treatment in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Viral Cirrhosis
    Yoshihiro Furuichi, Ryohei Nishiguchi, Takeshi Shimakawa, Tomoyuki Fujiwara, Koichiro Sato, Hiroyuki Kato
    Journal of Nippon Medical School.2024; 91(2): 180.     CrossRef
  • Acute kidney injury development is associated with mortality in Japanese patients with cirrhosis: impact of amino acid imbalance
    Takao Miwa, Yuki Utakata, Tatsunori Hanai, Masashi Aiba, Shinji Unome, Kenji Imai, Koji Takai, Makoto Shiraki, Naoki Katsumura, Masahito Shimizu
    Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 59(9): 849.     CrossRef
  • Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,202,232 outpatients, inpatients, and ICU-admitted patients
    Vasileios Lekakis, Aikaterini Gkoufa, John Vlachogiannakos, George V. Papatheodoridis, Evangelos Cholongitas
    Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2024; 18(7): 377.     CrossRef
  • Association of Alcohol Consumption With Liver Cancer and All-Cause Mortality in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Without Cirrhosis
    BYUNGYOON Yun, JUYEON OH, SANG HOON AHN, JIN-HA Yoon, BEOM KYUNG Kim
    Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 21(12): 3191.     CrossRef
  • Current and future treatment for alcoholic‐related liver diseases
    Eileen L. Yoon, Won Kim
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 38(8): 1218.     CrossRef
  • Excess mortality in elderly hip fracture patients: An Indian experience
    Jaiben George, Vijay Sharma, Kamran Farooque, Vivek Trikha, Samarth Mittal, Rajesh Malhotra
    Chinese Journal of Traumatology.2023; 26(6): 363.     CrossRef
  • Overview of Complications in Cirrhosis
    Madhumita Premkumar, Anil C. Anand
    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2022; 12(4): 1150.     CrossRef
  • Liver cirrhosis
    Garima Singh, Suman Bala, Sonal Katoch, Lakhvinder Kaur, Anil Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Alok Bharadwaj, Ardhariksa Zukhruf Kurniullah
    International journal of health sciences.2022; : 5547.     CrossRef
  • Microbiome-Based Metabolic Therapeutic Approaches in Alcoholic Liver Disease
    Ji Ye Hyun, Seul Ki Kim, Sang Jun Yoon, Su Been Lee, Jin-Ju Jeong, Haripriya Gupta, Satya Priya Sharma, Ki Kwong Oh, Sung-Min Won, Goo Hyun Kwon, Min Gi Cha, Dong Joon Kim, Raja Ganesan, Ki Tae Suk
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(15): 8749.     CrossRef
  • Predictive Factors for the Prognosis of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
    Anca Trifan, Horia Minea, Adrian Rotaru, Carol Stanciu, Remus Stafie, Ermina Stratina, Sebastian Zenovia, Robert Nastasa, Ana-Maria Singeap, Irina Girleanu, Cristina Muzica, Laura Huiban, Tudor Cuciureanu, Stefan Chiriac, Catalin Sfarti, Camelia Cojocariu
    Medicina.2022; 58(12): 1859.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol-related cirrhosis: The most challenging etiology of cirrhosis is more burdensome than ever
    Marta Tonon, Salvatore Piano
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2021; 27(1): 94.     CrossRef
  • 9,091 View
  • 154 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
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Review

Microbiome

Fecal microbiota transplantation in alcohol related liver diseases
Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry
Clin Mol Hepatol 2020;26(3):294-301.
Published online June 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0057
The current standard of care for severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) has several limitations in that only up to one-third of patients are eligible for steroid therapy. Additionally, steroids have their own issues: a portion of patients do not respond, while there is doubtful long-term benefit in those who do and a large proportion are ineligible to receive steroids entirely and hence have no definitive options for treatment. As such, there is a large gap between the problem and the available solutions. Alcohol causes dysbiosis and also disrupts gut barrier function, consequently promoting the translocation of microbial lipopolysaccharide into the portal circulation and liver. Therefore, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or transplantation of gut microbiota are likely to attenuate the dysbiosis-related liver insult. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is expected to have a role in managing alcoholic liver disease in general and SAH in particular by correcting dysbiosis, the primary insult. Results from mouse studies have suggested beyond doubt that alcohol-related liver injury is transferrable and also treatable by adopting FMT from suitable donors. Initial human trials from our center have affirmed benefits in human subjects with SAH as well, with both improvements in disease severity and as well as the rate of survival. Further studies addressing the head-to-head comparison of steroids and FMT are ongoing. Available preliminary data are promising and FMT and/or gut microbial modulation might become the standard of care in the near future for managing alcohol-related liver diseases, especially alcoholic hepatitis, with greater applicability, improved acceptability, and minimal side effects.

Citations

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  • Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
    Haripriya Maddur, Steven Flamm
    Clinics in Liver Disease.2026; 30(1): 45.     CrossRef
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    Zicheng Wang, Yingying Yu, Wanjun Shao, Yuhao Zhao, Zhe Li, Jiaming Han, Jingyu Wen, Yongchun Meng, Ying Lin, Shaoping Wang
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2026; 309: 119699.     CrossRef
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    Huiping Zhou, Yi Huang, Chen Chen, Meiyi Song, Phillip.B. Hylemon
    Pharmacological Reviews.2026; : 100120.     CrossRef
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    Ľubomír Skladaný, Daniela Žilinčanová, Natália Kubánek, Svetlana Adamcová Selčanová, Daniel Havaj, Lukáš Laffers, Michal Žilinčan, Alvi H Islam, Juan Pablo Arab, Tomáš Koller
    Alcohol and Alcoholism.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sang Jun Yoon, Seul Ki Han, Tae Suk Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Dae Hee Choi, Young Don Kim, Moon Young Kim, Gab Jin Cheon, Soon Koo Baik, Dong Joon Kim
    Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2025; 51(6): 1315.     CrossRef
  • Prolonged Intestinal Ethanol Absorption and Oxidative Stress: Revisiting the Gut–Liver Axis in Alcohol-Associated Disease
    Beom Sun Chung, Keungmo Yang, Chihyun Park, Tom Ryu
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(12): 5442.     CrossRef
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    G.O. Grechkanev, I.O. Strelets, N.N. Nikishov, E.V. Sinitsina, A.N. Nikishova
    Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist.2025; 25(4): 44.     CrossRef
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    Jeong-Yoon Lee, Young-Min Jee, Keungmo Yang, Tom Ryu
    Antioxidants.2025; 14(10): 1196.     CrossRef
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    Evance Pakuwal, Jin Lin Tan, Richard J. Woodman, Amanda J. Page, Andrea M. Stringer, Mohamed Asif Chinnaratha
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; 37(11): 1260.     CrossRef
  • Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Review of Current Literature
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    Therapeutics.2025; 3(1): 2.     CrossRef
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    Clinical Science.2024; 138(7): 435.     CrossRef
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    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2024; 30(4): 620.     CrossRef
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Original Article

Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension

Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Manoj Kumar Sharma, Sumeet Kainth, Sachin Kumar, Ankit Bhardwaj, Hemant Kumar Agarwal, Rakhi Maiwall, Kapil Dev Jamwal, Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry, Ankur Jindal, Ashok Choudhary, Lovkesh Anand, Rajender Mal Dhamija, Guresh Kumar, Barjesh Chander Sharma, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Clin Mol Hepatol 2019;25(2):199-209.
Published online March 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2018.0084
Background/Aims
The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis.
Methods
Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks.
Result
s: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture.
Conclusions
Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.

Citations

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    Ming Zhao, Yuling Yan, Xiaoze Wang, Bangxi Liu, Xuefeng Luo
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    Adonis A Protopapas, Alexandra Tsankof, Ioanna Papagiouvanni, Georgia Kaiafa, Lemonia Skoura, Christos Savopoulos, Ioannis Goulis
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    Yangyang Hui, Gaoyue Guo, Lihong Mao, Yifan Li, Mingyu Sun, Xiaoyu Wang, Wanting Yang, Xiaofei Fan, Kui Jiang, Binxin Cui, Chao Sun
    Biological Trace Element Research.2023; 201(7): 3202.     CrossRef
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    Arpan A. Patel, Elliot B. Tapper, Fasiha Kanwal, Christopher D. Woodrell, Lissi Hansen, Jennifer C. Lai, Shari Rogal, Cara McDermott, Mina Rakoski, Nneka N. Ufere
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    Aaron K. Wong, Dorothy Wang, David Marco, Brian Le, Jennifer Philip
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