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"Donghee Kim"

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Research Letters

Contemporary Trends in Extrahepatic Mortality of Chronic Liver Disease in the United States from 2014 to 2023
Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Aijaz Ahmed
Received July 23, 2025  Accepted July 23, 2025  Published online July 28, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0802    [Accepted]
  • 2,076 View
  • 41 Download
Rising drug overdose deaths in chronic liver disease in the United States, 2015–2023
Donghee Kim, Brittany B Dennis, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):e277-e280.
Published online May 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0548
  • 6,625 View
  • 38 Download
Hydrophilic and lipophilic statin and clinical outcomes in individuals with alcohol-associated liver disease
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Benjamin Nah, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Suthat Liangpunsakul
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):e273-e276.
Published online May 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0474

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Effect of varenicline on major adverse liver outcomes in alcohol‐associated liver disease: An exploratory analysis
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Yanfang Pang, Donghee Kim, Thanathip Suenghataiphorn, Donghyun Ko, Andrew F. Ibrahim, Vitchapong Prasitsumrit, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Mazen Noureddin, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Suthat Liangpunsakul
    Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research.2025; 49(11): 2451.     CrossRef
  • 6,650 View
  • 42 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Correspondence

Advancing policy and practice in alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol-attributable cancer: Correspondence to the editorial on “Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States”
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang
Received May 13, 2025  Accepted May 14, 2025  Published online May 15, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0527    [Epub ahead of print]
  • 3,290 View
  • 12 Download

Research Letter

Contemporary burden of mortality from chronic liver disease by sex and race/ethnicity in the United States
Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):e268-e272.
Published online May 8, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0384

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Rising drug overdose deaths in chronic liver disease in the United States, 2015–2023
    Donghee Kim, Brittany B Dennis, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(3): e277.     CrossRef
  • Advancing Policy and Practice in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Alcohol-Attributable Cancer: Correspondence to the editorial on “Rising Burden of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Cancers: Insights into Sex Disparities and Policy Implications”
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extrahepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
    Anoushka Shenoy, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
    Metabolism and Target Organ Damage.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,544 View
  • 48 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Yanfang Pang, Tanuj Mahendru, Primrose Tothanarungroj, Luis Antonio Díaz, Juan Pablo Arab, Pimtawan Jatupornpakdee, Mark D. Muthiah, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Won-Mook Choi, Daniel Q. Huang, Donghee Kim, Mazen Noureddin, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):1058-1070.
Published online April 11, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0169
Background/Aims
Harmful alcohol use is a substantial contributor to liver diseases, liver cancer, and extrahepatic neoplasms. Patterns of alcohol consumption have shifted over recent decades. This study evaluates trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2021.
Methods
Using the methodological framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality from ALD and alcohol-attributable cancers in the US.
Results
In 2021, there were 28,340 new cases of ALD, 227,730 prevalent cases, and 21,860 deaths attributed to ALD in the US. From 2000 to 2021, ALD incidence, prevalence, and mortality increased by 43%, 36%, and 79%, respectively. The age-standardized incidence and death rate of ALD rose disproportionately among females compared to males. For alcohol-attributable cancers, primary liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer accounted for the largest share of deaths in 2021. Age-standardized death rates increased significantly for primary liver cancer (annual percent change [APC] 2.21%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70–2.73%) and other pharyngeal cancer (APC 1.35%, 95% CI 1.08–1.62%).
Conclusions
The burden of ALD is substantial and continues to rise in the US, with a particularly notable increase among females. Mortality from alcohol-attributable cancers is also increasing, mainly driven by primary liver cancer and pharyngeal cancer. However, system-wise, gastrointestinal cancer had the highest death attributable to alcohol. These findings highlight the urgent need for public health strategies to tackle ALD, primary liver cancer, and alcoholattributable extrahepatic malignancies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Rising burden of steatotic liver disease in women of childbearing age and projections to 2035
    Youxin Wang, Ruiqiu Chen, Shi Yan Lee, Eunice X.X. Tan, Mark Muthiah, Zhou Yu, Margaret L.P. Teng, Jazleen Leo, Cheng Han Ng, Ashok Choudhury, Daniel Q. Huang
    JHEP Reports.2026; 8(1): 101646.     CrossRef
  • MetALD: new insights and unraveling therapeutic potential
    Yue Feng, PanShiLi Han, Tao Liu, YanHang Gao
    Metabolism and Target Organ Damage.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sex Disparity in Major Adverse Liver Outcome and Major Adverse Cardiac Event in Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Mark D. Muthiah, Suthat Liangpunsakul
    Liver International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advancing Policy and Practice in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Alcohol-Attributable Cancer: Correspondence to the editorial on “Rising Burden of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Cancers: Insights into Sex Disparities and Policy Implications”
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of varenicline on major adverse liver outcomes in alcohol‐associated liver disease: An exploratory analysis
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Yanfang Pang, Donghee Kim, Thanathip Suenghataiphorn, Donghyun Ko, Andrew F. Ibrahim, Vitchapong Prasitsumrit, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Mazen Noureddin, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Suthat Liangpunsakul
    Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research.2025; 49(11): 2451.     CrossRef
  • Consumo de alcohol y cirrosis en mujeres: un riesgo subestimado
    P. Huerta, J.P. Arab, L.A. Díaz
    Revista de Gastroenterología de México.2025; 90(4): 509.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol use and cirrhosis in women: An underestimated risk
    P. Huerta, J.P. Arab, L.A. Díaz
    Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition).2025; 90(4): 509.     CrossRef
  • 9,516 View
  • 147 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Correspondences

Steatotic liver disease

The burden of steatotic liver disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Correspondence to editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(2):e183-e185.
Published online February 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0152

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Reply to correspondence on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
    Jeayeon Park, Su Jong Yu
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e221.     CrossRef
  • Neonatal liver-derived FTH1-enriched extracellular vesicles attenuate ferroptosis and ameliorate MASLD pathogenesis
    Xin Zeng, Wei Jiang, Tian Wu, Lan Li, Fudong Fu, Han Yao, Dongbo Wu
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2025; 240: 693.     CrossRef
  • Liver-Related COVID-19 Consequences: Dynamics of Liver Health in 2.5 Years
    Ieva Vanaga, Oksana Kolesova, Aleksandrs Kolesovs, Maija Radzina, Davis Simanis Putrins, Jelena Egle, Sniedze Laivacuma, Jelena Storozenko, Ludmila Viksna
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(21): 7604.     CrossRef
  • 4,365 View
  • 17 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Steatotic liver disease

Addressing the burden of steatotic liver disease: The role of transient elastography: Correspondence to editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(2):e180-e182.
Published online February 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0125
  • 4,545 View
  • 25 Download

Letter to the Editor

Current burden of MASLD, MetALD, and hepatic fibrosis among US adults with prediabetes and diabetes, 2017–2023
Donghee Kim, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(3):e235-e238.
Published online December 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.1150

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Association of gut microbiota dietary index with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the mediating roles of inflammation and body mass index
    Yu Pu, Zongbiao Tan, Yanrui Wu, Suqi Zeng, Haodong He, Jixiang Zhang, Weiguo Dong
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in identifying risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated alcohol-related liver disease
    Rui-Qi Ye, Yi-Fan Chen, Chang Ma, Xi Cheng, Wei Guo, Sha Li
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2025; 188: 118191.     CrossRef
  • Disproportionately rising mortality rates of alcohol-associated acute Pancreatitis: Analysis from centers for Disease Control and prevention database (2011–2020)
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Yanfang Pang, Donghee Kim, Thanida Auttapracha, Shu-Yen Chan, Do Han Kim, Thanawin Pramotedham, Kanita Mankan, Chanokporn Puchongmart, Juan Pablo Arab, Luis Antonio Diaz, Jorge D. Machicado, Michael B. Wallace, Karn Wijarnpreecha
    Pancreatology.2025; 25(4): 508.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of the Predictive Value of 12 Body Composition Markers for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, At-Risk Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis, and Increased Liver Stiffness in a General Population Setting
    Laurens A. van Kleef, Maurice Michel, Mesut Savas, Jesse Pustjens, Roel van de Laar, Edith Koehler, Elisabeth F.C. van Rossum, Harry L.A. Janssen, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Willem P. Brouwer
    American Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extrahepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
    Anoushka Shenoy, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
    Metabolism and Target Organ Damage.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Organokine-Mediated Crosstalk: A Systems Biology Perspective on the Pathogenesis of MASLD—A Narrative Review
    Sandra Maria Barbalho, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Vitor Engracia Valenti, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(23): 11547.     CrossRef
  • Editorial: Understanding How Social Determinants of Health Impact Mortality in MASLD—Insights From a National Analysis. Authors' Reply
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,223 View
  • 224 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Steatotic liver disease

Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017–2023
Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(2):382-393.
Published online November 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0987
Background/Aims
Multi-society experts proposed the adoption of new terminology, metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatotic liver disease (SLD). We studied the current prevalence of SLD and its subcategories in the US.
Methods
Using the recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to 2023, we analyzed data from 12,199 participants (≥18 years) who completed transient elastography. SLD and its subcategories, including MASLD, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), were categorized according to consensus nomenclature.
Results
The age-adjusted prevalence of SLD (cut-off: 285 dB/m) was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.4–36.7). Within this category, the age-adjusted prevalence for MASLD was 31.9% (95% CI 30.4–33.4), MetALD 2.2% (95% CI 1.8–2.6), and ALD 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–1.1). The prevalence of SLD and MASLD showed a statistically insignificant decrease during COVID-19, while ALD increased without significance. In contrast, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis in SLD was significantly higher during the COVID-19 era, at 9.8% for 285 dB/m and 7.8% for 263 dB/m, compared to 7.4% (P=0.039) and 6% (P=0.041) in the pre-COVID-19 era. The proportion of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in individuals with ALD was two-fold higher than MASLD and MetALD, largely due to increases during the COVID-19 era.
Conclusions
While the prevalence of SLD and its subcategories remained stable, there was a significant increase in advanced fibrosis among SLD individuals during the COVID-19 era, with ALD having a proportion of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis that was twice as high as MASLD and MetALD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound-Derived Fat Fraction and Automated Point Shear Wave Elastography for Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Suspected Steatotic Liver Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Study
    Jing Liang, Xueqi Li, Guangwen Cheng, Huixiong Xu, Yuli Zhu, Zhe Ma, Dong Jiang, Hao Han, Lin Chen, Liyun Xue, Xiaohui Qiao, Hong Ding
    Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.2026; 52(1): 227.     CrossRef
  • Current Burden of Lean Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among US Adults, 2017–2023
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 61(5): 891.     CrossRef
  • Editorial: Steatotic Liver Diseases Emerge as Rapidly Growing Drivers of Primary Liver Cancer in the United States—Author's Reply
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Chun Wei Pan, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang, Karn Wijarnpreecha
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 61(6): 1059.     CrossRef
  • Cigarette Smoke Contributes to the Progression of MASLD: From the Molecular Mechanisms to Therapy
    Jiatong Xu, Yifan Li, Zixuan Feng, Hongping Chen
    Cells.2025; 14(3): 221.     CrossRef
  • Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Sequelae in Liver Diseases
    Cristina Stasi
    Life.2025; 15(3): 403.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol–Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest‐Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Markos Kalligeros, Michael B. Fallon, Chawinthorn Vuthithammee, Chun Wei Pan, Preenapun Saokhieo, William Derrick, Yanfang Pang, Vincent L. Chen, Donghee Kim, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang, Karn Wijarnpreecha
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 61(6): 959.     CrossRef
  • Association of High‐Sensitivity Troponins in Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease With All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 61(11): 1785.     CrossRef
  • Revealing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing the global burden of SLD through the COVID-19 pandemic: Editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017–2023”
    Jeayeon Park, Su Jong Yu
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): 625.     CrossRef
  • The burden of steatotic liver disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Correspondence to editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e183.     CrossRef
  • Reply to correspondence on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
    Jeayeon Park, Su Jong Yu
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e221.     CrossRef
  • Vibration-controlled transient elastography in shaping the epidemiology and management of steatotic liver disease: Editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017–2023”
    Xiao-Dong Zhou, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Daniel Q Huang, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Mazen Noureddin, Ming-Hua Zheng
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): 620.     CrossRef
  • Addressing the burden of steatotic liver disease: The role of transient elastography: Correspondence to editorial on “Current burden of steatotic liver disease and fibrosis among adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e180.     CrossRef
  • Correspondence to editorial on “Global epidemiology of alcohol-related liver disease, liver cancer, and alcohol use disorder, 2000-2021”
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Luis Antonio Diaz, Kanokphong Suparan, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Juan Pablo Arab
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e200.     CrossRef
  • Advances in identifying risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated alcohol-related liver disease
    Rui-Qi Ye, Yi-Fan Chen, Chang Ma, Xi Cheng, Wei Guo, Sha Li
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2025; 188: 118191.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Global Physical Capacity Score in Key Parameters of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
    Nicola Verrelli, Caterina Bonfiglio, Isabella Franco, Claudia Beatrice Bagnato, Dolores Stabile, Endrit Shahini, Antonella Bianco
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(11): 3821.     CrossRef
  • Evolving Public Attention to Steatotic Liver Disease: A 20‐Year Analysis (2004–2024)
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Charat Thongprayoon, Kanokphong Suparan, Donghee Kim, Ornpailin Wanichthanaolan, Phuuwadith Wattanachayakul, Yanfang Pang, Mark D. Muthiah, Anand V. Kulkarni, Ju Dong Yang, Apichat Kaewdech, Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Karn Wijarnpreech
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025; 40(8): 2053.     CrossRef
  • The association between sedentary behavior and MASLD in overweight and obese adults: investigating the role of inflammatory markers using NHANES data (2017–March 2020)
    Zehong Zhou, Linfang Li, Chusi Wang, Shiqi Li, Pengfei Chen, Jiesheng Huang, Ming Peng
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current burden of MASLD, MetALD, and hepatic fibrosis among US adults with prediabetes and diabetes, 2017–2023
    Donghee Kim, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(3): e235.     CrossRef
  • Contemporary burden of mortality from chronic liver disease by sex and race/ethnicity in the United States
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(3): e268.     CrossRef
  • Persistent Binge Drinking History Associated With Advanced Liver Fibrosis and All‐Cause Mortality in MetALD
    Zhe‐Kun Xiong, Ru‐Tao Lin, Bi‐Wei Chen, Xin Xin, Tao‐Ying Deng, Qin‐Mei Sun, Yi‐Yang Hu, Li‐Ming Gan, Qin Feng
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 62(11-12): 1100.     CrossRef
  • Advancing Policy and Practice in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Alcohol-Attributable Cancer: Correspondence to the editorial on “Rising Burden of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Cancers: Insights into Sex Disparities and Policy Implications”
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Donghee Kim, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Novel Risk Prediction Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in MASLD: A Multinational, Multicenter Cohort Study
    Ho Soo Chun, Minjong Lee, Hye Ah Lee, Eun Seo Park, Jeong Yoon Choi, Hyo Song Baek, Tae Hun Kim, Huapeng Lin, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Hye Won Lee, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Salvatore Petta, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Masato Yoneda, Ming-Hua Zheng, Hannes Hagström, Jé
    Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of varenicline on major adverse liver outcomes in alcohol‐associated liver disease: An exploratory analysis
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Yanfang Pang, Donghee Kim, Thanathip Suenghataiphorn, Donghyun Ko, Andrew F. Ibrahim, Vitchapong Prasitsumrit, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Mazen Noureddin, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Suthat Liangpunsakul
    Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research.2025; 49(11): 2451.     CrossRef
  • The effects of ellagic acid in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients: a randomized, add-on, double-blind, controlled trial
    Mohammad Mahmoudi Azar, Matin Shirazinia, Mohsen Nematy, Vafa Baradaran Rahimi, Motahare Bateni, Fateme Tafaghodi Piadeh Gheibi, Farnood Rajabzadeh, Ladan Goshayeshi, Sara Honari, Mehran Mottahedi, Vahid Reza Askari
    Inflammopharmacology.2025; 33(9): 5583.     CrossRef
  • Dietary vitamin E intake in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and all-cause/cause-specific mortality
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Aijaz Ahmed
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor on “Current Burden of Steatotic Liver Disease and Fibrosis among Adults in the United States, 2017-2023”
    Sisi Yang, Zhenxuan Ma
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Non‐Response to Obeticholic Acid Is Associated With Heightened Risks of Developing Clinical Events in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
    Nadir Abbas, Rachel Smith, Ellina Lytvyak, Miki Scaravaglio, Neil Halliday, Amal Almahroos, Nadia Eden, Diane Lloyd‐Madden, Sanchit Sharma, James Ferguson, Jessica K. Dyson, Douglas Thorburn, David Jones, Aldo J. Montano‐Loza, Marco Carbone, Pietro Invern
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extrahepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
    Anoushka Shenoy, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
    Metabolism and Target Organ Damage.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Class-Specific Effects of ARBs Versus ACE Inhibitors on Survival and Cardiovascular Outcomes in MASLD
    Tom Ryu, Yeon Joo Seo, Jaejun Lee, Ji Won Han, Hyun Yang, Keungmo Yang
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(20): 10061.     CrossRef
  • Social Determinants of Health in Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and All‐Cause/Cause‐Specific Mortality
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Editorial: Understanding How Social Determinants of Health Impact Mortality in MASLD—Insights From a National Analysis. Authors' Reply
    Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 11,691 View
  • 529 Download
  • 23 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review

Steatotic liver disease

Long-term outcomes and risk modifiers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease between lean and non-lean populations
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Kanokphong Suparan, Vitchapong Prasitsumrit, Aijaz Ahmed, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Donghee Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):74-89.
Published online October 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0631
One-third of adults across the globe exhibit metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)―formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To date, MASLD is the fastest-growing etiology of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides the population with obesity, MASLD can also be found in lean populations, accounting for 13% of the global population, especially Asians. Notably, individuals with lean MASLD face equal or higher overall mortality rates compared to their non-lean counterparts. Risk modifiers encompass advanced age, hepatic fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, the population with lean MASLD is associated with an increased risk of HCC, while their non-lean counterparts are more prone to cardiovascular outcomes and T2DM. Existing evidence indicates a similar risk of liver-related events and extrahepatic cancer between the two groups. However, MASLD-related genetic variants, such as PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, did not significantly affect mortality between the two populations. Still, underreporting alcohol consumption and regional representation limits the study’s comprehensiveness. Longitudinal studies and mechanistic explorations are needed to understand differences in lean versus non-lean MASLD populations. This review highlights the need for awareness and tailored interventions in managing MASLD, considering lean individuals’ unique risks.

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Letters to the Editor

Viral hepatitis

Contemporary awareness of viral hepatitis between 2012 and 2022 among Korean adults
Donghee Kim, Won Kim, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31(1):e5-e7.
Published online October 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0849

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  • Correspondence to letter to the editor on “Contemporary awareness of viral hepatitis between 2012 and 2022 among Korean adults”
    Chang Hun Lee, In Hee Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong
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  • 5,449 View
  • 53 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Steatotic liver disease

Leukocyte telomere shortening in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and all-cause/cause-specific mortality
Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(4):982-986.
Published online August 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0691

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Original Article

Hepatic neoplasm

Burden of mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers by race and ethnicity and sex in US, 2018–2023
Donghee Kim, Richie Manikat, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
Clin Mol Hepatol 2024;30(4):756-770.
Published online June 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0318
Backgrounds/Aims
The trends in mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers stratified by sex and race/ethnicity in the US continue to evolve. We estimated the sex- and race/ethnicity-based trends in HCC and biliary tract cancers-related mortality in US adults with a focus on disease burden.
Methods
We performed a population-based analysis using the US national mortality records from 2018 to 2023. We identified HCC and biliary tract cancer using appropriate ICD-10 codes. Temporal trends in mortality were calculated by joinpoint analysis with annual percentage change (APC).
Results
Annual age-standardized mortality from HCC decreased steadily with an APC of –1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: –2.0% to –0.7%). While there was a linear increase in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma-related mortality (APC: 3.1%, 95% CI: 1.2–4.9%) and ampulla of Vater cancer-related mortality (APC: 4.1%, 95% CI: 0.5–7.9%), gallbladder cancer-related mortality decreased (APC: –1.9%, 95% CI: –3.8% to –0.0%). Decreasing trends in mortality from HCC were noted in males, not females. HCC-related mortality decreased more steeply in racial and ethnic minority individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Racial and ethnic differences in trends in mortality for biliary tract cancers depended on the malignancy’s anatomical site.
Conclusions
While the annual mortality for HCC and gallbladder cancer demonstrated declining trends, ICC- and AVC-related mortality continued to increase from 2018 to 2023. Although racial and ethnic minority individuals in the US experienced disproportionately higher HCC and biliary tract cancer, recent declines in HCC may be primarily due to declines among racial and ethnic minority individuals and males.

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Editorial

Hepatic neoplasm

The current trends in the health burden of primary liver cancer across the globe
Peter Konyn, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(2):358-362.
Published online March 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2023.0092

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  • Long-term outcomes and risk modifiers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease between lean and non-lean populations
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Reviews

Steatotic liver disease

Causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Peter Konyn, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2023;29(Suppl):S43-S57.
Published online November 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0351
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and worldwide. Though nonalcoholic fatty liver per se may not be independently associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality, it is associated with a number of harmful metabolic risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and an unhealthy diet. The fibrosis stage is a predictor of all-cause mortality in NAFLD. Mortality in individuals with NAFLD has been steadily increasing, and the most common cause-specific mortality for NAFLD is cardiovascular disease, followed by extra-hepatic cancer, liver-related mortality, and diabetes. High-risk profiles for mortality in NAFLD include PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism, low thyroid function and hypothyroidism, and sarcopenia. Achieving weight loss through adherence to a high-quality diet and sufficient physical activity is the most important predictor of improvement in NAFLD severity and the benefit of survival. Given the increasing health burden of NAFLD, future studies with more long-term mortality data may demonstrate an independent association between NAFLD and mortality.

Citations

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Steatotic liver disease

Evaluation and management of extrahepatic manifestations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Karn Wijarnpreecha, Elizabeth S. Aby, Aijaz Ahmed, Donghee Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27(2):221-235.
Published online December 3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0239
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystemic disease and a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease in children and adults worldwide. Diagnosis and management of extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, psoriasis, and extrahepatic malignancy are crucial for the treatment of patients with NAFLD. The leading cause of death in NAFLD is primarily from CVD, followed by liver-related mortality, extrahepatic cancer, liver cancer, and diabetes-related mortality. Therefore, clinicians need to identify high-risk patients earlier in the disease course and be aware of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD to improve liver disease outcomes. In this review, we focus on the monitoring and management of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD.

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Original Article

Steatotic liver disease

The serum vitamin D level is inversely correlated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Goh Eun Chung, Donghee Kim, Min-Sun Kwak, Jong In Yang, Jeong Yoon Yim, Seon Hee Lim, Mustafa Itani
Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22(1):146-151.
Published online March 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.146
Background/Aims
A low vitamin D level has been associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, an association between a low vitamin D level and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not yet been definitively established. This study aimed to characterize the relationship between a vitamin D level and NAFLD in Korea.
Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 6,055 health check-up subjects was conducted. NAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of typical ultrasonographic findings and a history of alcohol consumption.
Results
The subjects were aged 51.7±10.3 years (mean±SD) and 54.7% were female. NAFLD showed a significant inverse correlation with the vitamin D level after adjusting for age and sex [odds ratio (OR)=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.75–0.96]. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of NAFLD decreased steadily with increasing vitamin D level [OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.60–0.90, lowest quintile (≤14.4 ng/mL) vs highest quintile (≥28.9 ng/mL), p for trend <0.001]. Multivariate regression analysis after adjusting for other metabolic factors revealed that NAFLD showed a significant inverse correlation with both the vitamin D level (>20 ng/mL) [OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.75-0.99] and the quintiles of the vitamin D level in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend=0.001).
Conclusions
The serum level of vitamin D, even when within the normal range, was found to be inversely correlated with NAFLD in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin D was found to be inversely correlated with NAFLD independent of known metabolic risk factors. These findings suggest that vitamin D exerts protective effects against NAFLD.

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Editorial

Steatotic liver disease

Noninvasive markers: a double-edged sword that stratifies nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Goh Eun Chung, Donghee Kim
Clin Mol Hepatol 2013;19(2):116-119.
Published online June 27, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.2.116
  • 9,189 View
  • 96 Download
Original Article

Steatotic liver disease

Serum bilirubin levels are inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Min-Sun Kwak, Donghee Kim, Goh Eun Chung, Seung Joo Kang, Min Jung Park, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Hyo-Suk Lee
Korean J Hepatol 2012;18(4):383-390.
Published online December 21, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2012.18.4.383
Background/Aims

Serum bilirubin exerts antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. In addition, elevated serum bilirubin levels are associated with a decreased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have evaluated whether serum bilirubin is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is closely associated with other metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was thus to elucidate the association between serum total bilirubin levels and NAFLD.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 17,348 subjects undergoing a routine health check-up was conducted. Subjects positive for hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus, or with other hepatitis history were excluded. NAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of typical ultrasonographic findings and an alcohol consumption of less than 20 g/day.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 49 years and 9,076 (52.3%) were men. The prevalence of NAFLD decreased steadily as the serum bilirubin level increased in both men and women (P<0.001 for both). Multivariate regression analysis adjusted for other metabolic risk factors showed that serum bilirubin level was inversely associated with the prevalence of NAFLD [odds ratio (OR)=0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.80-0.97]. Furthermore, there was an inverse, dose-dependent association between NAFLD and serum total bilirubin levels (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.75-0.93 in the third quartile; OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.71-0.90 in the fourth quartile vs. lowest quartile, P for trend <0.001).

Conclusions

Serum bilirubin levels were found to be inversely associated with the prevalence of NAFLD independent of known metabolic risk factors. Serum bilirubin might be a protective marker for NAFLD.

Citations

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